Financier Russell Sage Attacked in 1891 Office Bombing

One of the wealthiest Americans  of the late 1800s, financier Russell Sage, narrowly escaped being killed by  a powerful dynamite bomb after a visitor to his office threatened him with a bizarre extortion note. The  man who detonated a satchel packed with explosives  in Sages lower Manhattan office on December 4, 1891, was blown to pieces. The strange incident took a grisly turn when the police tried to identify the bomber by displaying his severed head, which had been remarkably undamaged. In the highly competitive era  of  yellow journalism, the shocking attack on one of the citys richest men by a bomb thrower and a madman was a bonanza. Sages dangerous visitor  was identified a week later as Henry L. Norcross.  He turned out to be an outwardly ordinary office worker from Boston whose actions shocked his family and friends. After escaping the massive explosion with minor injuries, Sage was soon accused of having grabbed a lowly bank clerk to use as a human shield. The badly injured clerk, William R. Laidlaw, sued Sage.  The legal battle dragged on throughout the 1890s, and  Sage, widely known for eccentric frugality despite his $70 million fortune, never paid a cent to Laidlaw. To the public, it just added to  Sages miserly reputation. But Sage stubbornly maintained he was simply adhering to principle. The Bomber in the Office On December 4, 1891, a Friday, about 12:20 p.m., a bearded man carrying a satchel arrived at Russell Sages office  in an old commercial  building at Broadway and Rector Street. The man demanded to see Sage, claiming he carried a letter of introduction from John D. Rockefeller. Sage was well-known for his wealth, and for his associations with robber barons like Rockefeller and the notorious  financier Jay Gould. He was also famous for frugality. He frequently wore, and mended, old clothing. And while he could have traveled with a  flashy carriage and team of horses, he preferred to commute by elevated trains. Having financed New York Citys  elevated railroad system, he carried a pass to  ride for free. And at the age of 75 he still arrived at his  office every morning  to manage his financial empire. When the visitor demanded loudly to see him, Sage emerged from his inner office to investigate the disturbance.  The stranger approached and handed him a letter. It was a typewritten extortion note, demanding  $1.2 million. The man said he had a bomb in his bag, which he would set off if Sage didnt give him the money. Sage tried to put the man off by saying he had urgent business with two men in his inner office. As Sage walked away, the visitors bomb, intentionally or not, detonated. Newspapers reported that the blast frightened people for miles. The New York Times said it had been clearly heard as far north as 23rd Street. In the downtown financial district, office  workers ran into the streets in a panic. One of Sages young employees, 19-year-old stenographer and typewriter Benjamin F. Norton, was blown out a second floor window. His mangled body landed in the street. Norton  died after being rushed to the Chambers Street Hospital. A number of people in the suite of offices received minor injuries. Sage was found alive in the wreckage.  William Laidlaw, a bank clerk who had been delivering documents, was sprawled on top of him. A doctor would spend two hours pulling shards of glass and splinters out of Sages body, but he was otherwise uninjured. Laidlaw would spend about seven weeks in the hospital. Shrapnel embedded in his body would cause him pain for the rest of his life. The bomber had blown himself up. Parts of his body were scattered throughout the wreckage of the office. Curiously, his severed head was relatively undamaged. And the head would become the focus of much morbid  attention in the press. The Investigation The legendary New York City police detective Thomas F. Byrnes took charge of investigating the case. He began with a ghastly flourish, by taking the bombers severed head to Russell Sages house on Fifth Avenue on the night of the bombing. Sage identified it as the head of the man  who had confronted him in his office. The newspapers began referring to the mysterious visitor as a madman and a bomb thrower. There was suspicion he may have had political motives and links to anarchists. The next afternoons 2 p.m. edition of the New York World, the popular newspaper owned by Joseph Pulitzer, published an illustration of the mans head on the front page. The headline asked, Who Was He? On the following Tuesday, December 8, 1891, the front page of the  New York World  prominently referred to the mystery and the weird spectacle surrounding  it: Inspector Byrnes and his detectives are still completely in the dark as to the identity of the bomb-thrower, whose ghastly head, suspended in a glass jar, daily attracts crowds of curious people to the Morgue. A button from  the bombers  clothing led police to a tailor in Boston, and suspicion turned to Henry L. Norcross. Employed as a broker, he had apparently become obsessed with Russell Sage. After Norcrosss  parents identified his head at the New York City morgue, they released affidavits saying he had never shown any criminal tendencies. Everyone who knew him said they were shocked at what he had done. It appeared he had no accomplices. And his actions, including why he had asked for such a precise amount of money, remained a mystery. The Legal Aftermath Russell Sage  recovered and soon returned to working.  Remarkably, the only fatalities were the bomber and the young clerk, Benjamin Norton. As Norcross seemed to have no accomplices, no one was ever prosecuted. But the peculiar incident moved into the courts following accusations by the bank clerk who had been visiting Sages office, William Laidlaw. On December 9, 1891, a startling headline appeared in the New York Evening World: As a Human Shield. A sub-headline asked Was He Dragged Between the Broker and the Dynamiter? Laidlaw, from his hospital bed, was claiming that Sage had grabbed his hands as if in a friendly gesture, and then pulled him close just seconds before the bomb detonated. Sage, not surprisingly, bitterly denied the accusations. After leaving the hospital, Laidlaw began legal proceedings against Sage. The courtroom battles went back and forth for years.  Sage was ordered at times to pay damages to Laidlaw, but he would stubbornly appeal the verdicts. After four trials over eight years, Sage finally won. He never gave Laidlaw a cent. Russell Sage died in New York City at the age of 90, on July 22, 1906. His widow created a foundation bearing his name, which became widely known for philanthropic works. Sages reputation for being a miser lived on, however. Seven years after Sages death, William Laidlaw, the bank clerk who said Sage had used him as a human shield, died at the Home for the Incurables, an institution in the Bronx. Laidlaw had never fully recovered from the wounds suffered in the bombing nearly 20  years earlier. Newspapers reported that he had died penniless and mentioned that Sage had never offered him any financial assistance.

An Introduction to Organizational Behavior - 1638 Words

An Introduction to Organizational Behavior 1. Define organizational behavior (OB) and explain its roots - a field of study that seeks to understand, explain, predict and change human behavior, both individual and collective, in the organizational context - includes 3 levels ï  ® individual: employee motivation and perception ï  ® group: teams, communication, job design, and leadership ï  ® organization-wide: change, culture and organizational structure ï  ® interorganizational (network): outsourcing, organizational networks, strategic alliances and mergers - interdisciplinary roots ï  ® psychology: work teams, work motivation, training and development. 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Effect of Contemporary Music on People free essay sample

The contemporary music such as rap and hip hop have become one of the big entertainment methods to approach people. HIP Hop is a musical art form, Introduced by African-Americans In the rand seventies. It Is an art that rapidly growing in various cultures. Today, the contemporary music such as rap and hip hop is an art form that tells the social message to the community in a vulgar language. The rap and hip hop artists communicates with the society by applying various nouns such as misogyny, violence, and sex abuse. Mary Breasted is a steeling author and a research fellow at Stanford Universitys Hoover Institution. She thinks that rap and hip hop music focuses on the social damages wrought by broken homes, family dysfunctions, and absent parents. She says that the contemporary musicians songs reflect the musicians past lifestyle. Breasted;s opinion in regards to rap and hip hop music persuades that it has grown in the influence of deplored themes such as suicide, misogyny, and drug abuses. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Contemporary Music on People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Shelby Steele from The Wall Street Journal says that the motive behind the influence f rap and hip hop culture in youth is the hatred to feelings.He thinks that the rappers behavior is likely to the slaves, who do not desire to feel the loves and fears that bound them to others. He persuades that the contemporary music promotes Bad Naggers thesis to the modern youth as an ideal form of juvenile rebellion. While, Steele does make a reasonable point, but Breasted is more persuasive in regards to contemporary music such as rap and hip hop because of understandable contents, more examples with explanation of rappers songs, and rappers history in regards to their songs. Breasted explains her arguments by showing various examples of artists lyrics to Induce that the rappers and hip hop artists give a fairly accurate message as a part of society. She says that To begin with music particularly popular among white teenage boys, one best selling example of broken home angst is that of the nu metal band know as Papa Roach and led by singer/songwriter Copy Dick Shadows (dubbed by one reviewer the prince of dysfunction).Three members of that group, Copy Dick Included, are self Identified children of divorce. In 2000, as critics noted t the time, their album Infest explored the theme of broken homes and child and teenage rage. (Breasted 2) Breasted gives an example of Papa Roach band who created a song in regards to broken families and teenagers anger toward their parents. Through Breasted paper, she points out that most of the rap and hip hop artists propose a message to the society about the broken families and the impact on childrens life from it.O n the other hand, Shelby does mention that recent contemporary music are Inspired from the Issue of broken homes, but he never mentions the artists songs, In which the subject has been pointed out. He says that, Too many of todays youth experienced a faithlessness and tenuous news even in that all-important relationship with their parents. (Shelby 2) Shelby said that children are observing the failure of active relationships with their parents. However, Shelby never points out that the rap and hip hop artists mentions the lack of nurture through their specific songs. He simple content to view her arguments. Breasted applies the straightforward engage to execute her ideas with a bit of support of statistics. She says that, You look at statistics that 50 percent of parents get divorced, and youre going to get a pretty large group of kids who are poised off and who dont agree with their parents have done. (Breasted 3) Vertebrates arguments are straightforward about the cause of kids choices to rap and hip hop songs, and they do support her stand by showing the statistics. She thinks that the reason behind the rappers songs are merely focusing on the subjects of misogyny, violence, and sex abuse is because of arenas lack of caring to their children. Conversely, Shelby arguments on contemporary music such as rap and hip hop are excessively abstract, and hard to understand his position. He says, But for the most part, the BAN is the imaginations compensation for the all-too-real impotence and confinement that slaves and segregated blacks actually endured.He lives out a compensatory grandiosity a self preening superiority combined with a tricksters cunning and a hyperbolic masculinity in which sexual potency is a vengeful and revolutionary force. (Shelby 1) Shelby is confusing the audience on what his arguments are mainly spotlighting on. Shelby supporting details do not connect to his arguments; while, Breasted directly appoints the arguments about the growing contemporary music in the youth generation.Shelby compares the youth generation with the id eology of slavery. He says that, l think the appeal of the BAN, on the deepest level, was his existential indifference to feelingwhat might be called his immunity to feeling. The slave wanted not to feel the loves and fears that bound him to other people and thus awakened him into an accommodation with slavery. Better not to love at all if it meant such an accommodation. So the BAN felt nothing for anyone and had no fear even of death. (Shelby 2) Shelby expresses that the young generation is following rap and hip hop culture because of slavery, which does not make any sense towards the subject of the article. He says that rappers and hip hop artists create such kind of music because there were inspired from the slave, who were against the feeling of love and fear. On the other hand, Breasted believes that the rappers create vulgar engage music because of their past sorrow life. The hip hop artists childhood was suffered through the lack of parental cultivation, which does connect to the arguments that she mentioned.She utters that, Perhaps even more important, Mine is one of the largest commercially visible targets for parental wrath. Wildly popular among teenagers these last several years, he is also enormously successful in commercial terms. (Breasted 7) Vertebrates arguments in regards to why the rapper artists would follow the genre of vulgarism are straightforward. She has expansible supported her thoughts, but Shells could not connect the ideology between the subject of slavery and the contemporary music.Last but not least, Shells thinks that the modern culture is blamed for the creation of the rap and hip hop artists music on sex abuse, violation, and misogyny. He thinks that the society is responsible to support such kind of talent. Shelves opinion on the creation of the rap and hip -hop is very Judgmental. He thinks that one can infect the culture into the vulgarism. On the other hand, Breasted believe that the increase of sex abuse, location, and misogyny is caused by the careless attitude toward their children.She that most separates it from what has gone before is its compulsive insistence on the damage wrought by broken homes, family dysfunction, checked out parents, and (especially) absent fathers. (Breasted 1) Vertebrates opinion on the cause of growing hip hop culture is persuasive, and it does connect with the subject. Her view on todays hip hop culture growth is more effective than Shelves point of view towards the cause of growing contemporary music.

Confidential Client Relationships free essay sample

Confidential Client Relationships Greenville Technical College Client confidentiality in the field of human services is a matter of ethics, legal obligations, and a right to privacy; therefore, a human service professional must provide a helping relationship that is conducive to providing client confidentiality. In respect to the matter of confidentiality, a human service professional must understand, acknowledge, and adhere to the privacy of his or her clients; consequently, understanding when there is an ethical or legal responsibility to breaking the rules of confidentiality. The human service field is constantly in contact ith sensitive and private information; it is the responsibility of the human service professional to use the confidential information they gather to empower the client and to maintain confidentiality during the process. Confidentiality is imperative in regards to maintaining a client relationship and building rapport; therefore is it vital to adhere to and understand the concept of confidentiality in regards to the human service field while adhering to the agency standards and abiding by the congress mandated HIPAA standards, which protect confidentiality for client records in print nd electronic format. Confidentially is defined by Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary as, containing information whose unauthorized disclosure should be prejudicial (Mish, 2012, p. 61). Clients often involve his or her family systems in the helping relationship. While information from the family system is helpful in a productive helping relationship, boundaries are to be established at the initial meeting. A signed informed consent to disclose information should be included in the clients permanent record. If the client has the mental capacity to make his or her own ecisions, he or she can also choose which family members can access confidential information. The client has the right to revise this consent as situations change. Without approval to release information, the human service professional is liable for ethical and legal consequences. The agency, which provides services, is also bound to client confidentially. Confidential information as it pertains to the human service helping relationship with the client and the agency is immense. A general statement of what should be considered confidential should include all information included in a clients record. Documentation is a process that is involved in all phases of the helping relationship. The documentation becomes a part ot the client record. Woodside and McClam (2013) define the client record as, any information relating to a clients case, including history, observations, examinations, diagnoses, consultations, and financial and social information (p. 25). The agency providing services should have a standard procedure that covers the issue of confidentiality and the employee is obligated to understand and maintain the agency standards as long as the agency is not in direct violation of the clients personal privacy rights or thical guidelines. A helping relationship begins with confidentiality, and therefore the helper must be fully aware of how to maintain confidentiality while providing an empowering relationship. The human service professional should be competent in knowledge of standard operating procedures that the agency maintains before any services begin. A human service professional is obligated to assurances of confidentiality starting from the first initial contact with a client. In addition, negotiation is an ongoing process with the client in regards to confidentiality. The client has the right to advise he case manager of what information is communicated or disclosed to family, friends, and other human service professionals. Without obtaining a signed informed consent from the client, the case manager should refrain from violating the clients right to keeping his or her record confidential (Woodside and McClam, 2013, pp. 118-119. ) Woodside and McClam (2013) list five standards for confidentiality [which] must be stated: 1. The case manager keeps client information confidential except when the client intends to harm self or others. . When the client needs to share nformation with colleagues, the case manager will inform the client of three factors: (1) who will be told; (2) the reason for the disclosure; and (3) what information will be disclosed. 3. If the client consents, some information will be disclosed to family and friends. 4. The case manager must ask for the clients permission to release information. (p. 117) There are instances when huma n service professional is obligated to break confidentiality without the consent of the client. The legal term that ensures the right of professionals not to reveal information about their clients is rivileged communication licensed therapists have been given privileged communication with their clients but human service professionals have not [been given this right] (Neukrug, 2013, p. 86). Therefore, the client should be notified in the beginning of the relationship that if subpoenaed, a human service professional is required by a court of law to give testimony. In the circumstance, that a violation of confidentiality does occur, the helping relationship will suffer, As clients become cognizant that their private medical information can be assessed without their nowledge or permission, the trust implicit in the helping relationship could erode (Kuczynski and Gibbs-Wahlberg, 2005, p. 286). In addition to the guidelines listed above, human service professionals are obligated to confidentiality by The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. In April 2003, The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 went into effect. The primary goal of HIPAA was to allow clients ease of access to his or her own medical records in addition to providing mandated guidelines that require patient confidentiality (Woodside and McClam 2013, p. 18). HIPAA has affected the human service professional and client relationship in favorable ways. According to Joan Szabo, the provider [ot services is] required to provide written notice ot their privacy practices and patients [or clients] rights in regards to confidential healthcare and services (2002, p. 52). Overall, HIPAA does create a safer, smarter healthcare environment for everyone (Banks, 2006 p. 50). In addition to securing private information, the federal government modified Medicare and Medicaid by computerizing billing information, which leads to agencies saving money versus the omplicated manual paper claims filing system, which was formerly in place (Kuczynski and Gibbs-Wahlberg, 2005, p. 283). HIPAA also considers the changing society that depends on electronic and digital communication. In the past, the human service professional relied on written documentation and physical storage of files; however, because of the emergence of social media sites and the use of e-mail for communication a new threat to confidentiality has evolved. The HIPAA guidelines applies to all patient records that are kept in electronic form (Szabo, 2002, p. 52). Human service professionals are affected by the HIPAA guidelines because the agencies and staff are responsible for setting rules and guidelines concerning how communication will be conducted. Using the internet can leave an agency vulnerable to cyber theft of private client records. However, these digital offenses can be remedied if agencies and employees use access-control servers, firewalls, intrusion detection, network scanning, encryption, and virtual private networks (Kuczynski and Gibbs-Wahlberg, 2005, p. 284). In conclusion, confidentiality is multi-faceted and an important part of the human ervice field. Without knowing the how to protect a clients confidentiality, a human service professional can be in violation of federal and local laws in addition to violating ethical guidelines. The entire process of case management includes issues with maintaining confidentiality and disclosures must be approved by the client and used sparingly.