Financier Russell Sage Attacked in 1891 Office Bombing

One of the wealthiest Americans  of the late 1800s, financier Russell Sage, narrowly escaped being killed by  a powerful dynamite bomb after a visitor to his office threatened him with a bizarre extortion note. The  man who detonated a satchel packed with explosives  in Sages lower Manhattan office on December 4, 1891, was blown to pieces. The strange incident took a grisly turn when the police tried to identify the bomber by displaying his severed head, which had been remarkably undamaged. In the highly competitive era  of  yellow journalism, the shocking attack on one of the citys richest men by a bomb thrower and a madman was a bonanza. Sages dangerous visitor  was identified a week later as Henry L. Norcross.  He turned out to be an outwardly ordinary office worker from Boston whose actions shocked his family and friends. After escaping the massive explosion with minor injuries, Sage was soon accused of having grabbed a lowly bank clerk to use as a human shield. The badly injured clerk, William R. Laidlaw, sued Sage.  The legal battle dragged on throughout the 1890s, and  Sage, widely known for eccentric frugality despite his $70 million fortune, never paid a cent to Laidlaw. To the public, it just added to  Sages miserly reputation. But Sage stubbornly maintained he was simply adhering to principle. The Bomber in the Office On December 4, 1891, a Friday, about 12:20 p.m., a bearded man carrying a satchel arrived at Russell Sages office  in an old commercial  building at Broadway and Rector Street. The man demanded to see Sage, claiming he carried a letter of introduction from John D. Rockefeller. Sage was well-known for his wealth, and for his associations with robber barons like Rockefeller and the notorious  financier Jay Gould. He was also famous for frugality. He frequently wore, and mended, old clothing. And while he could have traveled with a  flashy carriage and team of horses, he preferred to commute by elevated trains. Having financed New York Citys  elevated railroad system, he carried a pass to  ride for free. And at the age of 75 he still arrived at his  office every morning  to manage his financial empire. When the visitor demanded loudly to see him, Sage emerged from his inner office to investigate the disturbance.  The stranger approached and handed him a letter. It was a typewritten extortion note, demanding  $1.2 million. The man said he had a bomb in his bag, which he would set off if Sage didnt give him the money. Sage tried to put the man off by saying he had urgent business with two men in his inner office. As Sage walked away, the visitors bomb, intentionally or not, detonated. Newspapers reported that the blast frightened people for miles. The New York Times said it had been clearly heard as far north as 23rd Street. In the downtown financial district, office  workers ran into the streets in a panic. One of Sages young employees, 19-year-old stenographer and typewriter Benjamin F. Norton, was blown out a second floor window. His mangled body landed in the street. Norton  died after being rushed to the Chambers Street Hospital. A number of people in the suite of offices received minor injuries. Sage was found alive in the wreckage.  William Laidlaw, a bank clerk who had been delivering documents, was sprawled on top of him. A doctor would spend two hours pulling shards of glass and splinters out of Sages body, but he was otherwise uninjured. Laidlaw would spend about seven weeks in the hospital. Shrapnel embedded in his body would cause him pain for the rest of his life. The bomber had blown himself up. Parts of his body were scattered throughout the wreckage of the office. Curiously, his severed head was relatively undamaged. And the head would become the focus of much morbid  attention in the press. The Investigation The legendary New York City police detective Thomas F. Byrnes took charge of investigating the case. He began with a ghastly flourish, by taking the bombers severed head to Russell Sages house on Fifth Avenue on the night of the bombing. Sage identified it as the head of the man  who had confronted him in his office. The newspapers began referring to the mysterious visitor as a madman and a bomb thrower. There was suspicion he may have had political motives and links to anarchists. The next afternoons 2 p.m. edition of the New York World, the popular newspaper owned by Joseph Pulitzer, published an illustration of the mans head on the front page. The headline asked, Who Was He? On the following Tuesday, December 8, 1891, the front page of the  New York World  prominently referred to the mystery and the weird spectacle surrounding  it: Inspector Byrnes and his detectives are still completely in the dark as to the identity of the bomb-thrower, whose ghastly head, suspended in a glass jar, daily attracts crowds of curious people to the Morgue. A button from  the bombers  clothing led police to a tailor in Boston, and suspicion turned to Henry L. Norcross. Employed as a broker, he had apparently become obsessed with Russell Sage. After Norcrosss  parents identified his head at the New York City morgue, they released affidavits saying he had never shown any criminal tendencies. Everyone who knew him said they were shocked at what he had done. It appeared he had no accomplices. And his actions, including why he had asked for such a precise amount of money, remained a mystery. The Legal Aftermath Russell Sage  recovered and soon returned to working.  Remarkably, the only fatalities were the bomber and the young clerk, Benjamin Norton. As Norcross seemed to have no accomplices, no one was ever prosecuted. But the peculiar incident moved into the courts following accusations by the bank clerk who had been visiting Sages office, William Laidlaw. On December 9, 1891, a startling headline appeared in the New York Evening World: As a Human Shield. A sub-headline asked Was He Dragged Between the Broker and the Dynamiter? Laidlaw, from his hospital bed, was claiming that Sage had grabbed his hands as if in a friendly gesture, and then pulled him close just seconds before the bomb detonated. Sage, not surprisingly, bitterly denied the accusations. After leaving the hospital, Laidlaw began legal proceedings against Sage. The courtroom battles went back and forth for years.  Sage was ordered at times to pay damages to Laidlaw, but he would stubbornly appeal the verdicts. After four trials over eight years, Sage finally won. He never gave Laidlaw a cent. Russell Sage died in New York City at the age of 90, on July 22, 1906. His widow created a foundation bearing his name, which became widely known for philanthropic works. Sages reputation for being a miser lived on, however. Seven years after Sages death, William Laidlaw, the bank clerk who said Sage had used him as a human shield, died at the Home for the Incurables, an institution in the Bronx. Laidlaw had never fully recovered from the wounds suffered in the bombing nearly 20  years earlier. Newspapers reported that he had died penniless and mentioned that Sage had never offered him any financial assistance.

An Introduction to Organizational Behavior - 1638 Words

An Introduction to Organizational Behavior 1. Define organizational behavior (OB) and explain its roots - a field of study that seeks to understand, explain, predict and change human behavior, both individual and collective, in the organizational context - includes 3 levels ï  ® individual: employee motivation and perception ï  ® group: teams, communication, job design, and leadership ï  ® organization-wide: change, culture and organizational structure ï  ® interorganizational (network): outsourcing, organizational networks, strategic alliances and mergers - interdisciplinary roots ï  ® psychology: work teams, work motivation, training and development. 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Effect of Contemporary Music on People free essay sample

The contemporary music such as rap and hip hop have become one of the big entertainment methods to approach people. HIP Hop is a musical art form, Introduced by African-Americans In the rand seventies. It Is an art that rapidly growing in various cultures. Today, the contemporary music such as rap and hip hop is an art form that tells the social message to the community in a vulgar language. The rap and hip hop artists communicates with the society by applying various nouns such as misogyny, violence, and sex abuse. Mary Breasted is a steeling author and a research fellow at Stanford Universitys Hoover Institution. She thinks that rap and hip hop music focuses on the social damages wrought by broken homes, family dysfunctions, and absent parents. She says that the contemporary musicians songs reflect the musicians past lifestyle. Breasted;s opinion in regards to rap and hip hop music persuades that it has grown in the influence of deplored themes such as suicide, misogyny, and drug abuses. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Contemporary Music on People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Shelby Steele from The Wall Street Journal says that the motive behind the influence f rap and hip hop culture in youth is the hatred to feelings.He thinks that the rappers behavior is likely to the slaves, who do not desire to feel the loves and fears that bound them to others. He persuades that the contemporary music promotes Bad Naggers thesis to the modern youth as an ideal form of juvenile rebellion. While, Steele does make a reasonable point, but Breasted is more persuasive in regards to contemporary music such as rap and hip hop because of understandable contents, more examples with explanation of rappers songs, and rappers history in regards to their songs. Breasted explains her arguments by showing various examples of artists lyrics to Induce that the rappers and hip hop artists give a fairly accurate message as a part of society. She says that To begin with music particularly popular among white teenage boys, one best selling example of broken home angst is that of the nu metal band know as Papa Roach and led by singer/songwriter Copy Dick Shadows (dubbed by one reviewer the prince of dysfunction).Three members of that group, Copy Dick Included, are self Identified children of divorce. In 2000, as critics noted t the time, their album Infest explored the theme of broken homes and child and teenage rage. (Breasted 2) Breasted gives an example of Papa Roach band who created a song in regards to broken families and teenagers anger toward their parents. Through Breasted paper, she points out that most of the rap and hip hop artists propose a message to the society about the broken families and the impact on childrens life from it.O n the other hand, Shelby does mention that recent contemporary music are Inspired from the Issue of broken homes, but he never mentions the artists songs, In which the subject has been pointed out. He says that, Too many of todays youth experienced a faithlessness and tenuous news even in that all-important relationship with their parents. (Shelby 2) Shelby said that children are observing the failure of active relationships with their parents. However, Shelby never points out that the rap and hip hop artists mentions the lack of nurture through their specific songs. He simple content to view her arguments. Breasted applies the straightforward engage to execute her ideas with a bit of support of statistics. She says that, You look at statistics that 50 percent of parents get divorced, and youre going to get a pretty large group of kids who are poised off and who dont agree with their parents have done. (Breasted 3) Vertebrates arguments are straightforward about the cause of kids choices to rap and hip hop songs, and they do support her stand by showing the statistics. She thinks that the reason behind the rappers songs are merely focusing on the subjects of misogyny, violence, and sex abuse is because of arenas lack of caring to their children. Conversely, Shelby arguments on contemporary music such as rap and hip hop are excessively abstract, and hard to understand his position. He says, But for the most part, the BAN is the imaginations compensation for the all-too-real impotence and confinement that slaves and segregated blacks actually endured.He lives out a compensatory grandiosity a self preening superiority combined with a tricksters cunning and a hyperbolic masculinity in which sexual potency is a vengeful and revolutionary force. (Shelby 1) Shelby is confusing the audience on what his arguments are mainly spotlighting on. Shelby supporting details do not connect to his arguments; while, Breasted directly appoints the arguments about the growing contemporary music in the youth generation.Shelby compares the youth generation with the id eology of slavery. He says that, l think the appeal of the BAN, on the deepest level, was his existential indifference to feelingwhat might be called his immunity to feeling. The slave wanted not to feel the loves and fears that bound him to other people and thus awakened him into an accommodation with slavery. Better not to love at all if it meant such an accommodation. So the BAN felt nothing for anyone and had no fear even of death. (Shelby 2) Shelby expresses that the young generation is following rap and hip hop culture because of slavery, which does not make any sense towards the subject of the article. He says that rappers and hip hop artists create such kind of music because there were inspired from the slave, who were against the feeling of love and fear. On the other hand, Breasted believes that the rappers create vulgar engage music because of their past sorrow life. The hip hop artists childhood was suffered through the lack of parental cultivation, which does connect to the arguments that she mentioned.She utters that, Perhaps even more important, Mine is one of the largest commercially visible targets for parental wrath. Wildly popular among teenagers these last several years, he is also enormously successful in commercial terms. (Breasted 7) Vertebrates arguments in regards to why the rapper artists would follow the genre of vulgarism are straightforward. She has expansible supported her thoughts, but Shells could not connect the ideology between the subject of slavery and the contemporary music.Last but not least, Shells thinks that the modern culture is blamed for the creation of the rap and hip hop artists music on sex abuse, violation, and misogyny. He thinks that the society is responsible to support such kind of talent. Shelves opinion on the creation of the rap and hip -hop is very Judgmental. He thinks that one can infect the culture into the vulgarism. On the other hand, Breasted believe that the increase of sex abuse, location, and misogyny is caused by the careless attitude toward their children.She that most separates it from what has gone before is its compulsive insistence on the damage wrought by broken homes, family dysfunction, checked out parents, and (especially) absent fathers. (Breasted 1) Vertebrates opinion on the cause of growing hip hop culture is persuasive, and it does connect with the subject. Her view on todays hip hop culture growth is more effective than Shelves point of view towards the cause of growing contemporary music.

Confidential Client Relationships free essay sample

Confidential Client Relationships Greenville Technical College Client confidentiality in the field of human services is a matter of ethics, legal obligations, and a right to privacy; therefore, a human service professional must provide a helping relationship that is conducive to providing client confidentiality. In respect to the matter of confidentiality, a human service professional must understand, acknowledge, and adhere to the privacy of his or her clients; consequently, understanding when there is an ethical or legal responsibility to breaking the rules of confidentiality. The human service field is constantly in contact ith sensitive and private information; it is the responsibility of the human service professional to use the confidential information they gather to empower the client and to maintain confidentiality during the process. Confidentiality is imperative in regards to maintaining a client relationship and building rapport; therefore is it vital to adhere to and understand the concept of confidentiality in regards to the human service field while adhering to the agency standards and abiding by the congress mandated HIPAA standards, which protect confidentiality for client records in print nd electronic format. Confidentially is defined by Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary as, containing information whose unauthorized disclosure should be prejudicial (Mish, 2012, p. 61). Clients often involve his or her family systems in the helping relationship. While information from the family system is helpful in a productive helping relationship, boundaries are to be established at the initial meeting. A signed informed consent to disclose information should be included in the clients permanent record. If the client has the mental capacity to make his or her own ecisions, he or she can also choose which family members can access confidential information. The client has the right to revise this consent as situations change. Without approval to release information, the human service professional is liable for ethical and legal consequences. The agency, which provides services, is also bound to client confidentially. Confidential information as it pertains to the human service helping relationship with the client and the agency is immense. A general statement of what should be considered confidential should include all information included in a clients record. Documentation is a process that is involved in all phases of the helping relationship. The documentation becomes a part ot the client record. Woodside and McClam (2013) define the client record as, any information relating to a clients case, including history, observations, examinations, diagnoses, consultations, and financial and social information (p. 25). The agency providing services should have a standard procedure that covers the issue of confidentiality and the employee is obligated to understand and maintain the agency standards as long as the agency is not in direct violation of the clients personal privacy rights or thical guidelines. A helping relationship begins with confidentiality, and therefore the helper must be fully aware of how to maintain confidentiality while providing an empowering relationship. The human service professional should be competent in knowledge of standard operating procedures that the agency maintains before any services begin. A human service professional is obligated to assurances of confidentiality starting from the first initial contact with a client. In addition, negotiation is an ongoing process with the client in regards to confidentiality. The client has the right to advise he case manager of what information is communicated or disclosed to family, friends, and other human service professionals. Without obtaining a signed informed consent from the client, the case manager should refrain from violating the clients right to keeping his or her record confidential (Woodside and McClam, 2013, pp. 118-119. ) Woodside and McClam (2013) list five standards for confidentiality [which] must be stated: 1. The case manager keeps client information confidential except when the client intends to harm self or others. . When the client needs to share nformation with colleagues, the case manager will inform the client of three factors: (1) who will be told; (2) the reason for the disclosure; and (3) what information will be disclosed. 3. If the client consents, some information will be disclosed to family and friends. 4. The case manager must ask for the clients permission to release information. (p. 117) There are instances when huma n service professional is obligated to break confidentiality without the consent of the client. The legal term that ensures the right of professionals not to reveal information about their clients is rivileged communication licensed therapists have been given privileged communication with their clients but human service professionals have not [been given this right] (Neukrug, 2013, p. 86). Therefore, the client should be notified in the beginning of the relationship that if subpoenaed, a human service professional is required by a court of law to give testimony. In the circumstance, that a violation of confidentiality does occur, the helping relationship will suffer, As clients become cognizant that their private medical information can be assessed without their nowledge or permission, the trust implicit in the helping relationship could erode (Kuczynski and Gibbs-Wahlberg, 2005, p. 286). In addition to the guidelines listed above, human service professionals are obligated to confidentiality by The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. In April 2003, The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 went into effect. The primary goal of HIPAA was to allow clients ease of access to his or her own medical records in addition to providing mandated guidelines that require patient confidentiality (Woodside and McClam 2013, p. 18). HIPAA has affected the human service professional and client relationship in favorable ways. According to Joan Szabo, the provider [ot services is] required to provide written notice ot their privacy practices and patients [or clients] rights in regards to confidential healthcare and services (2002, p. 52). Overall, HIPAA does create a safer, smarter healthcare environment for everyone (Banks, 2006 p. 50). In addition to securing private information, the federal government modified Medicare and Medicaid by computerizing billing information, which leads to agencies saving money versus the omplicated manual paper claims filing system, which was formerly in place (Kuczynski and Gibbs-Wahlberg, 2005, p. 283). HIPAA also considers the changing society that depends on electronic and digital communication. In the past, the human service professional relied on written documentation and physical storage of files; however, because of the emergence of social media sites and the use of e-mail for communication a new threat to confidentiality has evolved. The HIPAA guidelines applies to all patient records that are kept in electronic form (Szabo, 2002, p. 52). Human service professionals are affected by the HIPAA guidelines because the agencies and staff are responsible for setting rules and guidelines concerning how communication will be conducted. Using the internet can leave an agency vulnerable to cyber theft of private client records. However, these digital offenses can be remedied if agencies and employees use access-control servers, firewalls, intrusion detection, network scanning, encryption, and virtual private networks (Kuczynski and Gibbs-Wahlberg, 2005, p. 284). In conclusion, confidentiality is multi-faceted and an important part of the human ervice field. Without knowing the how to protect a clients confidentiality, a human service professional can be in violation of federal and local laws in addition to violating ethical guidelines. The entire process of case management includes issues with maintaining confidentiality and disclosures must be approved by the client and used sparingly.

Woodrow Wilson Essays (1311 words) - Freemen Of The City Of London

Woodrow Wilson The turn of century was an important time for pre-WWI America. National and international affairs were in full swing, just as ever. America was trying hard to remain with its Isolationism, yet could in no way thoroughly do so. Yet with this isolationistic stance, that was deteriorating daily, much emphasis was put onto national affairs of the United States by the government. Woodrow Wilson, the third president of this new century, also had great concern with the national affairs of the U.S. Elected in 1912, Wilson strongly believed in a government ?more concerned about human rights than property rights? (Comptons). Through these strong idealistic views, Wilson was in fact the ?president of the common people.? He proved this through his efforts for farmers and other laborers. This also seen through his ?New Freedom? basis of government, as opposed to President Roosevelt's ?New Nationalist? form of government. On top of this, Wilson's flood of social welfare legislation proved that he was definitely ?president of the common people.? One thing must be known about Wilson before anything else. That is the fact that he was a strong idealist. He had great visions of how to make the U.S. a better nation for all. This is illustrated trough his many Acts that he sent through congress. He put in place many systems that help benefit all the common people. Though he did not always follow all the way through with his plans (he more or less put them in place and left them), his strong devotion to the common people being treated equally cannot be overseen. The fact is that Wilson truly cared about the farmer and the working man. For example, it is known that he ?promised to return state government to the people? (Bailey 703). He believed in the struggles of people as a whole, rather than individually. One act that he put into place was the Federal Farm Loan Act. Here, Wilson made credit very easily accessible to those farmers in need. This law divided the country into twelve regions and opened a Federal Land Bank inn each one of these regions (McDuffie 139) Wilson also made the rate of interest towards these farmers very low and affordable. Wilson realized the importance of the farmer upon American society, a fact that many other politicians of the time easily ignored. So with his idealistic visions, Wilson brought a little ease upon the farmers of America. In 1916, Wilson helped get the Warehouse Act into effect. This act ?authorized loans on the security of staple crops? (Bailey 709). Both of these acts were in essence Populist ideas that the Populists wanted into effect for some number of years. And it was only President Wilson who brought these issues to light and made a difference for these common people. It is obvious that Wilson was concerned of the farmers and he therefore acted upon the concerns and made life that much easier for them. Wilson was also very concerned with the average workers of the U.S. His flood of social welfare programs was clearly send and felt by hard working American citizens all around the country. The combination of new acts being put in place targeting business in general, along with those targeted specifically for the betterment of the welfare of working Americans. In 1916, Wilson imposed the Workingman's Compensation Act. Under this Act, assistance was given to federal civil service employees in the time of disability. Also, Wilson put into place the Child Labor Act in the same year. Though this law was declared unconstitutional in 1918, it was a definite step in the right direction. For it did not allow the shipment of products that had been made by those under the age of fourteen or the age of sixteen (the age limit was different for different products). Also in that same year, the Adamson Act was put into effect. This law required a maximum of no higher than an eight hour work day. This law was mainly meant for railway workers. This law was considered ?a major victory for railroad unions, a averted a railroad strike in September 1916. Wilson's whole form of government during his first term was based on his ?New Freedom.? In this New Freedom, Wilson put in effect ?a program to liberate American economic energies by drastic tariff reduction, strengthening the antitrust laws, and reorganizing of the banking and the credit system? (Cink). This was in opposition to Teddy Roosevelt's ?New Nationalism? which looked ?toward sweeping

Communism After the Fall essays

Communism After the Fall essays In his introduction to The Lexus and the Olive Tree, published in 1999, Thomas Freidman states that [t]he world is 10 years old. It was born when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. The Cold War system was replaced by a new, very greased, interconnected system called globalization. As a result of the fall of the Soviet Union, as signified by the fall of the Wall, and the death of the Cold War system, which had been dominated by two super powers and their perceived black and white politics, every country, but primarily communist countries, which include the former members of the Soviet Union, China, North Korea and Cuba, has had to re-evaluate its form of government and its relationships with other countries. In this paper I will study the changes that have take place as a result of the failure of communism and the dominance of capitalism in China, Cuba and North Korea. China is the most unusual of the countries I will study. It is unusual because of the continuous change its political systems have undergone during the 20th century. For most of the last 2000 years, the defining principles of Imperialist China were based on the teachings of Confucius. Amongst it many tenets Confucianism taught that all people have their place and should accept it, and that upper classes would rule and the peasantry follow. In addition, the ruler was to be the father to his people and look after their basic needs. It required officials to criticize their rulers and refuse to serve the corrupt. However, as a result of isolationism, the impact of foreign occupation, and the lack of the technological advances experienced in the West, the Chinese revolted in 1911. In the late 1920s the revolution splintered under Chiang Kai-shek who moved the Kuomintang party to the right and the Communist Party of China (CPC) which had come under the control of Mao Tse-tung and the C DC was almost destroyed. However, as would be expected when a c...

Describe recruitment and selection process among U.S police Essay

Describe recruitment and selection process among U.S police departments during the last half of the nineteenth centry (i.e., the first fifty years of policing) - Essay Example Police departments were organised as per political affiliations. Police in these early days was organised under police chiefs. These police chiefs were appointed by political bosses. These political bosses ensured that the police chiefs and the subsequent police mechanisms remained subservient to them. Corruption was the order of the day in order to satisfy the political bosses’ aims and objectives. The common man was harassed by utilising the police framework so as to secure political domination. The presence of political machines meant that political bosses were on the lookout for ways to offset the balance of power in their favour. Cops were recruited by political machines in an effort to encourage citizens to vote for the â€Å"right† political candidate. Often police brutality ensured that the wishes of the political bosses were carried out in letter and spirit. Police was used to exert political influence by intimidating, intruding and pressurising ordinary people and businesses. Corruption was reduced to a complete system. Payoffs on massive scales ensured that the policemen remained loyal to a political side. Crime was organised as robberies, extortions, gambling and other illegal activities were carried out systematically. Another tendency of this era was earmarking police personnel as per their political affiliations. Often as political machines waned, so did the police framework supporting them. Each political machine ensured that â€Å"their cops† were placed in active duty to protect their interests. These early tendencies for police brutality and corruption were in line with the sociological facets of the time. People were not politically organised in coherent regimes to ensure that police corruption could be settled through political resolve. Moreover, the presence of corrupt politicians backed by clandestine businesses ensured that the police framework remained in line with their demands and

Mental health schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental health schizophrenia - Essay Example These patients are usually confused about their medications, their discharge and their rights under the Act. The Act makes it mandatory for a patient to take his or her medication. But according to the Act the patient also has a right to know the type of medication he is on. If a patient is capable of making a sound decision and poses no threat to himself or the people around him, under the influence of a drug or medication, then that person cannot be detained as an involuntary patient. However, in most cases the patient is unaware of this fact and is forced to move into an institution. Hospitals and mental institutions are required to provide an interpreter to foreign patients who have trouble understanding English, so that when the patient’s rights are read to him he understands them properly. Most institutions are not equipped with such facilities and are the least bit bothered with what the patient understands (McCullough, 1992). Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental con dition where the patient is unaware of his environment and has trouble differentiating reality from fiction. The patient also suffers from lack of appropriate emotional response. Schizophrenic patients usually have to be taken care of by someone else as they are unable to perform event the simplest of tasks. Hallucinations and losing touch with reality is one of the major symptoms of schizophrenia. Loss of speech and poor hygiene are also common in schizophrenic patients. In some extreme cases the patient loses his ability to speak and makes no interaction with anyone. Schizophrenia usually strikes a person either in their early childhood or in their early adulthood, when the person is in his late teens or early twenties. Nurse management of schizophrenia A nurse has the ability to asses a mental patient. An interview with the patient shows the nurse all the symptoms the patient possesses. No emotions and inability to conversate properly are the first signs a nurse should look for i n a schizophrenic patient. Isolation and history of attempted suicide or violence lead to the conclusion that the patient might be a danger to himself and others. The nurse should see how much knowledge does a family has regarding schizophrenia, and if they have the ability to emotionally and physically support the patient. A recent survey showed that the trend for hiring nurses to take care of schizophrenic patients is rising. The author also believes that proper education, treatment and proper coping could help reduce the burden of the care provider. Mental health nurses also help the family to learn to live with the patient through family behavioral programs that in the end would contribute positively to the health of the patient. Moreover, the study suggests that for learning the true impact that nurses can have on patients more research must be put into this topic (Macleod et al., 2008). Treatments for the two patients For anxiety disorder the common medications are beta blocke rs, antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications. The beta blockers are used to help patients control any involuntary movement that may occur. Antidepressants would help the patient cope with the depression that she feels. The antidepressants would put her mind in a state of calmness and counterbalance the effects of

Benefits and risks of migrating physical servers into a virtual Essay

Benefits and risks of migrating physical servers into a virtual environment - Essay Example (VMware) The main advantages of server virtualization Server Virtualization technology provides a number of advantages that can be very useful to an IT department and to an organization as a whole. Following, we provide a list of representative IT issues that can take advantage of the benefits of Server Virtualization. Virtual machines can be utilized for consolidating the workload of multiple under-utilized servers into a smaller number of server machines, possibly to only one machine. The associated benefits of this are the economy in hardware infrastructure, environmental cost, in administration and maintenance costs. The need for executing old legacy applications that used to work in server machines with operating systems that have become outdated is absolutely fulfilled by the use of virtual servers. An old application might not be able to execute in a new environment that is running a new operating system. Even if it is possible to run in that server environment, it might under -utilize the server machine, in a way that the consolidation of this server together with others into a virtual server - as already mentioned in the previous paragraph- does make sense. This might not be feasible without the use of virtualization as this kind of applications usually have not been developed in a way that they can co-exist with others in an execution environment. Virtual severs can be used for the creation of operating systems or execution environments with limitations to the usage of physical resources, provided that there exist the suitable routers with guaranteed resource access. Virtual servers can be used for the execution of multiple operating systems simultaneously: different versions or even absolutely different operating systems. Virtual servers... It is evident from the study that Server Virtualization is a framework, methodology and technique that achieves the segmentation of the computer machine’s physical resources into multiple execution environments (which are called virtual private servers), by applying one or more technologies. It is the method of executing multiple independent virtual operating systems in a physical computer machine. It is a way of â€Å"disguising† the physical computer resources, including their number and the identity of the isolated physical servers, processors and operations systems, hiding them from the end users of the â€Å"virtual† server. Server Virtualization technology provides a number of advantages that can be very useful to an IT department and to an organization as a whole. Following, we provide a list of representative IT issues that can take advantage of the benefits of Server Virtualization. Virtual machines can be utilized for consolidating the workload of multi ple under-utilized servers into a smaller number of server machines, possibly to only one machine. The associated benefits of this are the economy in hardware infrastructure, environmental cost, in administration and maintenance costs. The migration of the physical servers of an organization to a virtual environment has a lot of benefits. However, server virtualization also generates a number of risks that the organizations have to take seriously into account. Those risks are analyzed in the paragraphs that follow.

Construction of a Chemical Plant

Construction of a Chemical Plant SITE CONSIDERATIONS 5.1 Summary In this chapter, the aim is to give a clear view on the selected location along with the reason, explanation and the brief information about the site as well in order to construct a chemical plant. The main focus is all about the side consideration, which is to consider the most strategic location in terms of geographical factors. A strategic site must be found for a new project and the site and equipment layout need to be planned to ensure that the plant will be operate at its best condition to ensure the quality of the production of methanol. In addition, there a some factors must be considered first while selecting a suitable site such as location, raw material supply, transport facilities, availability of labour, availability of utilities, availability of suitable land, effluent disposal, local community consideration, climate and the last one is politic and economic consideration. As the conclusion, Gebeng industrial land, Kuantan which is located in Pahang Darul Makmur was sele cted as the site for the Iso-amyl Alcohol plant. Last but not least, the plant layout is also drawn as it is important in order to consider how the plant is build. 5.2 Introduction A preliminary feasibility study must be conducted and a suitable site must be found before start the plant construction. The location of the plant may have a crucial effect on the profitability of the plant and its operation. It is important to determine whether the Iso-amyl Alcohol plant is feasible to be built up or not in term of safety, environment impact controllability, the flexibility for the plant and the economic aspect as well. There are some factor that must be considered before build the methanol plant to make sure the operation will operate smoothly and to get the best quality of Iso-amyl Alcohol production such as location of area, raw material supply, transport facilities, effluent disposal, climate, availability of labour, availability of utilities, suitable land, local community and politic and economic. The manufacture of Iso-amyl Alcohol is classified as a petrochemical project. The plant must be located in a specialized zone provided by government. Three main loca tions that have been short listed to set up the proposed 100,000 metric ton/year Iso-amyl Alcohol plant are Senawang Industrial Estate, Negeri Sembilan, Pengerang Industrial Port, Johor and Gebeng Industrial Land in Kuantan, Pahang. The comparison table is given in Table 5.4. 5.3 Side Consideration 5.3.1 Location of Area Industrial area are typically situated outside the principle neighbourhood of a city. The range for the most part is given great transportation get to including street and rail. Separating the industrial region is to set aside modern uses from urban ranges so as to decreasing the ecological and social effect. It can likewise draw in more new business by giving a coordinated framework in one area. 5.3.2 Raw Materials Supply The supply of crude materials is a standout amongst the most essential figures choosing the area of a plant. Crude material supply is a critical angle that should be considered before beginning up a plant. As chemical process includes in change of crude materials to complete item, it is essential to have a plant that is situated close to where the supply of crude material is greatest. The principle preferences are to diminish the transportation cost of crude material furthermore lessening the capital put resources into storerooms. 5.3.3 Transport Facilities Transport facilities are vital for conveying the crude material to the plant and to disperse the completed items to the market. The basic of transport like street, rail and ocean ought to be accessible and close to the plant. A minor thought is the accessibility of air transport because of the impediment utilization of the transport. A decent transport facilities dont just guides the entire procedure, however can helps boosting the import and fare exercises. This by one means or another would create great economy for the nation. 5.3.4 Effluent Disposal Effluent disposal, be it in fluid, strong or vaporous are a noteworthy worry in planning a plant. There are very extreme limitations on waste transfer and these vary with a specific area. It is mandatory to consider the allowable resistance levels for water, land and air dispersal. The site chose need sufficient and successful transfer framework for dealing with the effluents, for example, the seepage frameworks and dumping site. Waste water should be dealt with before diverted to open channels to stay away from any ecological issues. The cost of the emanating treatment ought to be considered too since ordinarily it will be high. 5.3.5 Climate It is essential to decide the climatological figures around the site region before beginning up a plant. The atmosphere can have a vital bearing on the financial operation of a procedure. Malaysia climate profits by a tropical atmosphere with both high temperature and moistness consistently. Data on the example of precipitation and frequency of high wind or substantial tempests ought to be considered. In selecting a site inside a picked area, the local history ought to be checked first. Any natural incident like quakes or surge that has been happen should be noted. 5.3.6 Availability of Labour The plant ought to be put in an area where adequate work supply is accessible. Accessible labour from nearby specialized establishments will give an advantageous commitment to run the plant easily. Despite the fact that the general pattern is for expanded computerization in concoction plant , notwithstanding staff and designing work force ,the procedure still need a huge work compel, particularly where a move framework in an operation. It is critical for finding the plant to consider the contending businesses, the ability and knowledge of specialists and the turnover rate. 5.3.7 Availability of Utilities Utilities is currently by and large utilized for the subordinate administrations required in the operation of any production procedure. Power required for electrochemical processes, engines, lightings and general utilize. Steam for the procedure warming and it is required for the procedure is produced in the tube boilers utilizing most monetary fuel. Likewise, water additionally is required for general utilize in light of the fact that the water required for the broadly useful will be taken from nearby source of water. 5.3.8 Suitable Land For the proposed plant and for future extension the appropriate land will be accessible. The land ought to be all around depleted, in an ideally flat and have reasonable load bearing limit. To decide the requirement for other uncommon establishment a full site assessment ought to be made. Moreover, it ought to be accessible with low cost too. To decrease the aggregate speculation and development cost, the land cost ought to be prudent as could be expected under the circumstances. However, in any case, the land cost relies on upon the area and it might changes without any notice. The area must be safe that it doesnt force extra hazard to the community. 5.3.9 Local Community The plant local group must be able to provide adequate facilities to the plant personnel, for example, schools, banks, lodging and recreational social offices. Other than that, the proposed plant must fit in with and be worthy by the nearby community. Full thought must be given to the protected area of the plant. With that it doesnt force a noteworthy extra hazard to the community. 5.3.10 Politic Economic Capital grants, charge concessions, and other prompting are regularly given by government to guide new venture to preferred area, for example, areas of high unemployment. The accessibility of such concedes can be the abrogating thought in site selection. 5.4 SIDE SELECTION Table 5.4: Side selection between Senawang Industrial Estate, Negeri Sembilan, Pengerang Industrial Port, Johor and Gebeng Industrial Land in Kuantan, Pahang. Selection citeria Senawang industrial estate, negeri Sembilan Pengerang Industrial port, Johor Gebeng Industrial land, Kuantan, Pahang Location 5km from Plus HighWay Senawang 9km from Lekas Highway 13km from Seremban 45km from Johor Bharu 8km from Johor Port 40km from Kuantan Town Next To Palm Oil Industrial Cluster (POIC) Kuantan Port about 10 km away, and Kemaman Port, about 45 km away Types of Industries Medium industry Agriculture industry Petrochemical industry Petrochemical industry Area of available 8.63 hectars 12.14 hectars Min. 3 acres, to max. 250 acres. Land Price RM 12 000 000 RM28.00 per square feet RM 36 590 400 RM20.00 per sq.ft RM 2 613 600 for min. 3 acres Feedstock Pentane from: Shell Refining Company (federation Of Malaya) Berhad, Batu 1, Jln Pantai, Port Dickson, Malaysia Chlorine and NaOH from: CCM Chemicals Sdn Bhd(159498-A), Lot PT 200, Jalan Asam Jawa 16/15,Off Persiaran Kemajuan, 40200 Shah Alam, Malaysia Pentane from: Shell Refining Company (federation Of Malaya) Berhad, Batu 1, Jln Pantai, Port Dickson, Malaysia Chlorine and NaOH from: CCM Chemicals Sdn Bhd(159498A), Pasir Gudang Factory Plot 411, Kawasan 4 Jalan Perak1 Pasir Gudang Industrial Estate 81700 Johor Bharu, Malaysia Pentane from: Shell Refining Company (federation Of Malaya) Berhad, Batu 1, Jln Pantai, Port Dickson, Malaysia Chlorine and NaOH from: Malay-Sino Chemical Industries Sdn Bhd Lot PT 4406, Kawasan Perindustrian Teluk Kalong, 24000 Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. Water Supply Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan (SAINS) Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) Semambu Water Treatment Plant Energy Source TNB seremban IPP YTL Power generation Sdn.Bhd (404MW) Sultan Iskandar Power station TNB Johor Bharu TNB TanjungGelang, Kuantan. (800Mw) Transport Facilities Railway Main station bus seremban Main highway to kuala lumpur, port Dickson and Malacca. About 45min from international airport klia Johor port Near to jalan kota tinggi main road Facing Gate 2 Rapid new main road 80 km from Johor Bahru Sultan Ahmad Shah Airport, Kuantan,36km away Kuantan Port about 10 km away Kemaman Port,45 km away Kuantan-Kerteh Railway Linking the Kerteh Industrial Area and Kuantan Port to its right Other Facilities Nearby police Station and fire station Bank Nearby to seremban city Bum boats and ferry operate between Changi Point Ferry Terminal (Changi Village) and Pengerang daily. Kuantan-Kerteh Railway Linking the Kerteh Industrial Area and Kuantan Port to its right. 5.5 PROPOSED SITE 5.5.1 PROPOSED SITE Figure 5.5.1: The proposed site of plant in Gebeng Industrial Land, Kuantan Pahang Figure 5.5.2: The proposed site of location plan in Gebeng industrial land via google image. Figure 5.5.3: The proposed site plan of plant location in Gebeng industrial land via constructed map After doing some consideration based on several factors, Gebeng Industrial Land, Kuantan, Pahang had been choosed due to its competitive advantages compares to Senawang Industrial Estate, Negeri Sembilan and Industrial Port Pengerang, Johor for iso amyl alcohol plant setup and production. Taking the best economic scenario into account the plant life, the location have been chosen based on several criteria such as operational cost, market price , the availability of raw material sources, transportation and capital cost. Gebeng Industrial Land is prepared land ready with infrastructure, located In Gebeng Industrial estate, the main industrial area in Kuantan, Pahang. The Gebeng Industrial Land is a thriving hub of commercial activity where numerous multinational corporations in the petrochemical sector are based at. Generally, industrial land must be undivided and of regular shape, completely flat, close to industrial power, water and drainage supplies, and well serviced by transportation infrastructure. Therefore, it is identified to fulfill all the characteristics needed for the proposed site of constructing this petrochemical plant, which is Iso-amyl alcohol plant. The main reason for the selection is the availability of land with availability from 3 acres to 250 acres with the price about RM 20.00 per sq. ft which is affordable price with strategic location. Furtheremore, with a great development phases there, it was located strategically which is located next to Palm Oil Industrial Cluster (POIC) and in close proximity to the Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park (MCKIP). Besides that, it also located only nearby to Petronas Gas Berhad Centralised Utility Facility (PGB CUF) and Gebeng Railway Yard that located to its left side. Moreover, the Kuantan-Kerteh Railway that linking the kerteh industrial area and Kuantan Port only located to its right making this land more strategically to build our plant there. The availability of raw material nearby the plant are suitable for the production in terms of saving the cost operation. Basically, the raw material was supplied by two suppliers which is one from Port Dickson and another one from Kemaman, Terengganu. Shell Refining Company (federation Of Malaya) Berhad in Port Dickson was chosen to supply pentane and Malay-Sino Chemical Industries Sdn Bhd in Kemaman, Terengganu was chosen to supply chlorine and NaOH to plant. Furthermore, in order to ensure the raw material always in stock, Qingdao Eastchem inc located in China also chosen to supply the pentane. Basically, the price of pentane is cheapest in China about 1000 dolar per metric ton, but the total price to supply to plant need to consider likes transportation process of this material. The raw material will be shipping from China to the port Kuantan, Pahang in bulk quantities. Then the material will be send by cargo truck services from port to the plant. Besides that, the transport of materials and products to and from the plant will be an overriding consideration in site selection. If practicable, a site should be selected that is close to at least two major forms of transport like road, rail, waterway (canal or river), or a sea port. The least expensive method of shipping is usually by water; the most expensive is by truck. Road transport is suitable use for local distribution from a central warehouse. For long distance transport especially for bulk of chemicals, rail or airway transport is suitable transport use in term of saving costs and cheaper. Besides, for convenient and efficient for the movement of personnel and essential equipment and suppliers, air transports is the main transport facilities use. Gebeng industrial land is easily accessible by road via the East Coast Expressway connecting to Gebeng By-Pass and Kuantan By-Pass. It is also near the Sultan Ahmad Shah Airport, Kuantan, about 36km away and Kuantan Port about 10 km away as well as Kemaman Port, about 45 km away. Besides that, Kuantan-Kerteh Railway Linking the Kerteh Industrial Area and Kuantan Port located only to its right, makes it located more strategically. The main requirement for every plant and industry is the availability of electricity. It is the most important utilities to plant for every activity such as production, run of equipment or activities in the office. It supposed to have electricity with minimal impact to its surrounding and environment. Some industry generates their own electricity by their own generator but in most industry and plant in Malaysia, the electricity is provided by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The main electricity supplier in Gebeng Industrial Estate also Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The electricity supply provided by TNB for Phase I and II is supported by its 132/11kV main intake and for Phase III, two sources of electricity supply are available which Centralised Utility Facilities (CUF) and 12/275kV main intake. Water also one of the most important component in industry either fresh water or water used in equipment. The water is required for large industrial as well as general purposes, starting with w ater for cooling, washing, steam generation and as a raw material in the production of ethylene glycol. The water supply in Gebeng Industrial Estate is supplied from the Semambu Water Treatment Plant. The current capacity of water supply is 2MG/D. The Government of Pahang is committed in ensuring an efficient water supply in Gebeng. The steps that have been taken are by increasing the water supply to 64 MG/D, build a building of a new 200 acre dam in Sungai Lembing, Kuantan as well as build a building of new pipes and water tanks in Gebeng Industrial Estate. Last but not least, the main telecommunication supplier in Gebeng Industrial Estate is Telekom Malaysia. They provide state-of-the-art facilities and services such as Integrated Systems Digital Network (ISDN), digital line, MAYPAC, Internet and video conferencing. For fire fighting facilities, the Pahang Fire and Rescue Department is located near Gebeng in order to handle any emergencies. In addition, located within the vicinity of Gebeng is Petronas Centralised Emergency Facilities. Both stations are equipped with HAZMAT (hazardous material) facilities. Another services provided is the Gebeng Emergency Mutual Aid (GEMA), a voluntary crisis management organisation, set up from an alliance between Government agencies and private manufacturers in Gebeng. The main objective of GEMA is to execute proactive action and they also offer expert services to counter emergencies.

An Explication of Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Essay

An Explication of Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night In this poem Thomas makes a very personal appeal to his father as the latter approaches death. He pleads with him not just to surrender to death but to fight death as long as possible. His plea also becomes universal as Thomas addresses also all other people approaching death, not to accept death as inevitable, but rather to fight against dying. Whether men have been strong or weak throughout their lives, they should still make a stand at the end. Different men approach death in different ways, but no matter what their approach, they should fight against loss itself. Stanza analysis Stanza 1 Line 1 is a repetition of the title of the poem - a line which is repeated four times in the poem. The repetition is functional as it emphasises the theme of the poem: not to accept death without fighting it as long as possible. In stanza 1 three different phrases are used to denote the idea of death namely good night; close of day and dying of light. The poet is very defiant: he emphasises the fact that man must fight. In this stanza the emphasis is on elderly people, " Old age" (line 2). Even elderly people, his father in particular, must not just accept the coming of death gently, but they should still fight it. Also note the contrast between "night" and "light", the rhyme words in stanza 1. Man is entering the night and leaving the light. Stanza 2 In this stanza the emphasis is on " wise men" (line4). Wise people as they approach death, they realise death is something that cannot be avoided: "know dark is right" (line 4).They regret death because they feel their words have not been good enough to light up the lives of others; their opportunity to m... ...ven a hint of what might have been. This is no more than a fleeting glimpse, just as a meteor that shines for a moment and then is gone." Blinding sight" is an example of oxymoron which is a combination of contradictory words placed side by side but which intensifies rather than detracts from the point to be made. Also note the contradiction in the simile " Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay". Stanza 6 In this stanza the emphasis is on the poet's father. It is important to him that his own father resists death with all the strength available to him. "sad height" refers to his old age. His father is asked to shed " fierce tears" in order to give himself a chance of a few more days/ months/ years of life. The theme of the poem lies in the final two lines: " Do not go gentle into that good night Rage, rage against the dying of light."

Pie Chart

Presentation Notes Cameron, highlighted in blue are things that need to be added to the powerpoint. Slide 1 – Landing Page (Sarah) †¢   UFC graphics Logo Slogan †¢   Consulting Firm Name & Slogan – †¢   Group Members Slide 2 – Background (Sarah) †¢   Ultimate Fighting Championship ® (UFC ®), started in 1993 as a professional mixed martial arts (MMA) organization. †¢ In 2001 UFC was purchased by Zuffa and restructured MMA into a highly organized and controlled combat sport †¢ Response to the UFC brand of MMA has been tremendous, resulting in a growing fan base that has developed steadily through the years.Slide 3- Background (Sarah) †¢   UFC is the worldwide benchmark for Fight Entertainment industry †¢   They lead the global mixed martial arts industry with 90% of market share Insert graphic here of MMA market share Slide 4- Market Share (Sarah) Insert PPV Breakdown chart here ADD PIE CHART HERE * UFC has de clined in PPV market share (within the fight entertainment industry) from 57% in 2010 to 51% in 2011. What to say: Slide 2: Background The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) was created in 1993 as a medium to display multiple forms of martial arts and classify the most effective fighting style in a real life fight.Mainstream exposure damaged consumer perception of the product due to the violent and â€Å"no-rules† nature of the sport; and as exposure languished, so did profits. The company struggled to gain television exposure and found itself competing with professional wrestling, which is staged fighting, and traditional fighting programming such as boxing and martial arts tournaments. However, by 2003, UFC came under new management who wanted to change the strategic course of the company. Management saw the opportunity to rebrand itself from a sport to a sports entertainment organization categorized as â€Å"fighting†.It installed a new set of rules – elimi nating hair pulling, head butting, groin strikes and other dangerous maneuvers from the matches. Zuffa the parent company of UFC has given consumers an innovative option for fight entertainment. UFC blends the athleticism of boxing and mixed martial arts, the production value and character creation of professional wrestling, along with the drama of reality television into one unique product. Response to UFC has been very successful and fan base has been consistently growing for the past several years.Slide 3: Background The results have been very visible. UFC has now become a billion dollar empire that reaps profits from PPV, merchandise, and live events. It has grown progressively and through acquisitions it has become the industry leader and benchmark in the fight entertainment industry. By 2009, it was estimated that the UFC had captured 90% market share of mixed-martial arts entertainment. Slide 4: Market Share Even though UFC holds the majority of the MMA market share it barely contributes over half when talking about the PPV industry.Like the term â€Å"pay-per-view† suggest, you pay to view an event whether it be a live event or movie. Live events are segmented into more narrow of categories such as concerts, professional sports and college sports. UFC is listed under MMA PPV, which is considered as a fight entertainment, a sub-category of professional sports. In 2010 UFC held strong with having 57% of the market share of PPV in the fight entertainment industry. However one year later in 2011 it dropped to only having 51% of the PPV market share within the fight entertainment industry.

The Sydney Harbour Bridge essays

The Sydney Harbour Bridge essays _The Sydney Harbour Bridge_ At one stage of Australia`s history Sydney was two cities,on the south shore lived 600,000 people and on the north shore lived another 300,000 people.People would either travel to and fro by ferry or go via the Gladstone Bridge which would take several hours.The problem of linking the sides had seemed too expensive to resolve until 1922. In 1922 the New South Wales parliament got serious and passed the Sydney Harbour Bridge Act, world bridge builders were then invited to submit designs and approximate costs ,for what would become the Sydney Harbour Bridge.These designs had to meet requirement set down by government engineers. The building of the bridge would be closely supervised by J.J.C. Bradford. Dorman, Long and Company won the contract to build The Sydney Harbour Bridge one of the winning features was that the bridge was to be built using mainly Australian materials.Dorman, Long`s bridge was to be a two hinged steel arch bridge, with five approach spans on either side , the total lenght would be 1149meters and it would cost the government 4,217,722 pounds (250 million) The main span of the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be two steel arches 30 meters apart each arch is a truss,which means it is made up of steel , made in the shapes of triangles . Triangles are very strong and cant't be pushed out of shape like squares. The roadway is hung of the arches ,at the end of each arch is an abutment ,which stops the arches from spreading outwards.On the top of each abutment is two towers which are there for decoration and does not hold any of the bridges weight.Five pairs of smaller trusses are at either end of the brigde and these are supported by concrete piers ,which extend the bridge over low-lying land at each end. The excavations for the Sydney Harbour Bridge began in January 1925,the first stone was laid on the 7 October 1925 ,although the stone surrounds were only to m...

How to Design a Pen Pal Program for Your Classroom

How to Design a Pen Pal Program for Your Classroom A pen pals program is one of the most fun ways to give your kids a real-life lesson in Social Studies, Language Arts, Geography, and more. Begin working on pen pals with your students as early in the school year as possible, so that you can maximize the number of letters that the participants can exchange. The Benefits of Pen Pals Pen pal relationships offer a number of significant inter-disciplinary benefits for your students, including: valuable practice at writing letters in the proper format (Language Arts standard)increased awareness of societies and cultures from around the world (can be tied into Social Studies, Geography, and more!)a chance to maintain ongoing communication with people who live far awayincreased odds that your students will continue to be letter writers for the rest of their lives Email or Snail Mail? As a teacher, you must decide if you want your students to gain practice at writing traditional letters or at composing emails. I prefer to use pencil-and-paper pen pals because I want to contribute to keeping the lost art of traditional letter writing alive. Youll want to consider: the grade level you are teachingthe availability of computers at your schoolthe level of computer literacy of your students Finding Pen Pals for Your Kids Using the Internet, its fairly simple to find enthusiastic counterparts from around the world who would like to partner up with your classroom. Post an announcement on an education-related Message Board. Simply put the word out about where you are, the grade level of your students, and what kind of pen pal relationship you seek. Every summer, our Message Board bustles with pen pal activity, so it should be fairly easy for you to partner up.Sign up with a Pen Pal matching service. For example,​ ​International Pen Friends shuns email pals in favor of keeping the art of traditional letter writing alive. Fill out their School Class Application Form and, for a fee, youll be matched up with other interested students from around the world. ePALS is one of the largest email pen pal sites, so its definitely worth a visit if you want to go the email route. Keep Pen Pals Safe and Secure In todays society, you need to take extra precautions in order to keep activities safe, especially where children are concerned. Read Internet Safety Tips for Kids in order to minimize the risks involved with pen pal communications. You should also read through the letters your students write to make sure they arent giving away any personal information, such as their home addresses, or family secrets. Its better to be safe than sorry. Get Connected and Get Started As your Pen Pal program continues, one of the keys to success is keeping in close contact with the teacher you are working with. Drop him or her a quick email to let them know when they can expect your letters to arrive. Determine ahead of time if you are going to send each letter individually or in one big batch. I would recommend sending them in one big batch just to keep it simpler for you. Explore the wide world of Pen Pal resources on the web and get ready for a school year full of new friends and fun filled letters. No matter how you choose to design your classrooms pen pal program, your students are sure to benefit from the interactions you facilitate.

Investment Portfolio for the Susan Griffin Case Study

Investment Portfolio for the Susan Griffin - Case Study Example According to Susan's listing, her nondiscretionary expenses include utility bills, automobile expenses, and medical insurance. She notes that these expenses will be difficult to cut down since regardless of the turn in her business ventures, she must continue leading a comfortable life. However, she acknowledges that there are possibilities of reducing expenditure on some of her nondiscretionary items including holiday gifts and clothes. Other items that she opted to reduce spending on included her discretionary expenses that included the travel, membership, and occasional purchases. Additionally, she may as well forgo the expenses accrued in the tax-deductible expenses including charitable giving and property taxes. After determining the assets, it would be vital for Griffin to determine the appropriate asset allocation. This is usually the most challenging step since it is associated with varied risks; however, it is worth noting that high risk usually results in high returns. None theless, it is advisable for Griffin to allocate her assets in different ventures so that she may spread the risks (Elton 707). Her current financial needs are quite high; therefore, it would be for investments into businesses that will have equivalent or higher returns.   The greater return possibilities usually come at greater losses risk expenses. This is usually determined by risk/return tradeoff. Therefore, it would be appropriated for Griffin to subdivide her liquid asset into the degree of risks. Ventures that are associated with high risks must have higher percentages of her investment. From the list of her appreciate selections, the High – yield bonds or the â€Å"junk† bonds should be the first priority since they are issued with companies associated with relatively high credit risks. The company should be allocated fifty percent of the total investment followed by investment – grade bonds which should be allocated 35 percent. The investment grade bo nds are noted to be supplied by high credit quality companies; however, such companies have less liquid compared to treasury security. The rest of the investment should investments in the U.S. Treasury bonds (Reilly and Brown 88). This company is not associated with credit risks and has it is very liquid; hence, they are easy to buy and sell. The latter company ventures less into a risky business; thus, it is unlikely to make much profit.   It should be noted that Griffin was worried about active involvement into the business, these investment types will keep her active by monitoring the movement of these three stock markets and with the advice from her brokers, she will know when to sell and buy the same with return maxim. Through these investments, Griffin will maintain her monthly expenditure and still lead a comfortable life.

Environmental Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Quality - Essay Example There have been many government funded agencies which have helped to do testing and figure out ways in which to improve our ecosystem. Minnesota has always been on the forefront in environmental safety. Interestingly enough, one of my teachers has joined the board who helps to decide how many and what types of products must be purchased which are deemed environmentally safe for our state. They help to set guidelines on what kinds of materials can be used and how much must be spent on environmentally safe products versus unsafe products. These are only a few of the things done to help improve the quality of the environment around our area. Local groups have been organizing clean up days and if you ever stroll down Minneapolis, you'll notice how amazingly clean it has become. In fact, sometimes when I take the bus and check out downtown Minneapolis, I barely see a newspaper thrown on the ground somewhere. There are, however, many different things which can be done to help improve the environmental status of the Twin Cities. For instance, increase recycling announcements could be made. Many people I know don't even know where to drop off their items which can be recycled. Bulletins and fliers could be produced and distributed around apartments and dropped off at people's houses with numbers to call an addresses for places to drop off their waste materials.

Pocahontas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pocahontas - Essay Example This custom could be seen as a ritual death which the hostile natives perpetrated on strangers in their land. Later, the chief adopted Smith as his son, or a subordinate chief. Pocahontas and Smith soon became friends. Pocahontas started visiting the English settlement to bring them food since there was always a shortage of food in the English settlements where Smith lived. The colonists were not adept at hunting food and also were not familiar with the local terrains which became a handicap in their search for food. Despite being the chieftain’s daughter, Pocahontas provided immense help to the English settlers, for which her efforts should be seen as the first attempt to bridge the cultural difference and ethnic rivalry. Because of this contribution, â€Å"she remains an important part of American folk history to this day.† (Spectrum home & school magazine 2006). Subsequently, an injury from a gunpowder explosion forced John Smith to return to England in 1609. The settlers told the natives that John Smith was dead and Pocahontas also believed it. In the year 1613, Pocahontas was kidnapped by some English settlers and brought to Jamestown. They used her as a ransom for negotiating the release of English prisoners and firearms from her father. He agreed to release the prisoners but refused to part with the weapons, and hence Pocahontas was held back. From Jamestown she was moved to Henrico for religious indoctrination into Christianity. This denotes the fact that intrinsically the Algonquian tribe was receptive to the idea of cultural transition from one religion to another. This is all the more significant because a teenage girl had done this. She was one of the first America in Virginia State to convert to Christianity, and this act pioneered the advent of Christianity in North America, from where it spread to other regions of America. Thus Pocahontas marked an important milestone in the cultural history of America. During her stay in Henrico, in the

Christo and Jeane Claude Essay Example for Free

Christo and Jeane Claude Essay Christo and Jeane Claude are a husband and wife team. These two artists are famous for transforming the ordinary into fabulous artwork, such as wrapping buildings. They accept no government grants or funding, no donations, their only income is from the sales of their artwork. Nearly all of their artshows take place outdoors, often in public parks requiring no admission fees. Their identity or famous slogan as the wrapping artists came from their controversial work named Wrapped Reichstage, Berlin, 1971-1995, an entire German Parliament Building in silver fabric looking like a wedding cake. (Sternbergh,no date). Many significant national symbols have been transformed and giving new identities by many artists. Buildings, nature’s creations, world events have become best selling books, movies, musicals, songs and plays. Anytime an artist develops anything, adding their identity to it, the item takes on that new image. The Christos saw buildings in a way no one else saw it. The Reichstage building in Berlin became a piece of sculpture or artwork when Christo and Jeane Claude wrapped the building. Artwork expands on natural traditions, allowing others to use their imaginations to interpret the meanings. â€Å"The Christos have created some of the most breathtaking works of the 20th century using fabric in, over through and around natural and constructed forms† Powell, director of national art gallery. The Christos use fabric to give an original style to traditional paintings, sculptures and buildings† (no author, 2002).Wrapping the Reichstage building, giving the illusion of a wedding cake transformed the building into an artistic sculpture. Notes; Sternbergh, Adam (no date) The passion of the Christos; New York Entertainment; nymag. com date retrieved July 24, 2007 http://nymag. com/nymetro/arts/features/10897/ No author (2/4/2002) First American Survey of Christo and Jeanne Claude; artdaily. org; Date retrieved; July 24, 2007 http://www. artdaily. com/section/news/index. asp? int_sec=2int_new=48b=Christo%20and%20Jeanne-Claude

The Formation of An Individual :: Philosophy

The Formation of An Individual Man needs a polity, and in the same way a polity needs man. This is the focus of the first chapter in the formation of an individual. The formation of an individual is a very complicated process, yet it is a process that is very necessary. Through the formation of some types of government man tries to form himself from his acquired beliefs. The most basic form of government is a couple, but it branches out to entire societies. In these societies there are certain issues that the individual must deal with, the first is oppression. Oppression is probably the hardest of all of the problems that one faces on his road to humanization. Oppression is a single force, held by few, that prevents others from reaching their status. This form of inequality can be seen in almost all forms of government, save anarchism because there are no superiors that can oppress. We saw this oppression in the movie "A Dry White Season". This movie summarized the problems with injustice, inequality, and oppression. In order for us to become more fully human, and move along on our road to our own formation we must break free from our oppressors. By breaking free, you are not starting a war, or even a conflict, but you are actively participating in your own realization. Before we can break free of the oppression that I just described we must first be able to realize when we are being oppressed. Through a complicated process of influence we gain our own thoughts, words, and actions. It first starts with our own set of beliefs. Most likely the ones that our parents set for us. But after we gain that first sense of who we are, and who we should be, then and only then can we realize if we are oppressed. We must understand the actions of ourselves before we can understand those of others. On the journey to create our own individuality we need to be influenced because after we are influenced we can then Aweed out@ the ideas that most likely conform to our own opinions. This onion is the most effective tool or method in the formation of an individual. Paulo Friere addressed the issue of oppression and why it must be stopped in his essay APedagogy of the Oppressed.@ In this essay he dictates that through education we can and must stop oppression. Yet this Abreaking free@ cannot be an individual effort, but a combine summation of forces. Near the beginning of his essay he says that man must break free of the chains that bind him to his The Formation of An Individual :: Philosophy The Formation of An Individual Man needs a polity, and in the same way a polity needs man. This is the focus of the first chapter in the formation of an individual. The formation of an individual is a very complicated process, yet it is a process that is very necessary. Through the formation of some types of government man tries to form himself from his acquired beliefs. The most basic form of government is a couple, but it branches out to entire societies. In these societies there are certain issues that the individual must deal with, the first is oppression. Oppression is probably the hardest of all of the problems that one faces on his road to humanization. Oppression is a single force, held by few, that prevents others from reaching their status. This form of inequality can be seen in almost all forms of government, save anarchism because there are no superiors that can oppress. We saw this oppression in the movie "A Dry White Season". This movie summarized the problems with injustice, inequality, and oppression. In order for us to become more fully human, and move along on our road to our own formation we must break free from our oppressors. By breaking free, you are not starting a war, or even a conflict, but you are actively participating in your own realization. Before we can break free of the oppression that I just described we must first be able to realize when we are being oppressed. Through a complicated process of influence we gain our own thoughts, words, and actions. It first starts with our own set of beliefs. Most likely the ones that our parents set for us. But after we gain that first sense of who we are, and who we should be, then and only then can we realize if we are oppressed. We must understand the actions of ourselves before we can understand those of others. On the journey to create our own individuality we need to be influenced because after we are influenced we can then Aweed out@ the ideas that most likely conform to our own opinions. This onion is the most effective tool or method in the formation of an individual. Paulo Friere addressed the issue of oppression and why it must be stopped in his essay APedagogy of the Oppressed.@ In this essay he dictates that through education we can and must stop oppression. Yet this Abreaking free@ cannot be an individual effort, but a combine summation of forces. Near the beginning of his essay he says that man must break free of the chains that bind him to his

Is life in prison without parole better than the death penalty? Essay

This is it, this is the last time you will ever see daylight again. The dim light of the outside world seems to be overtaken by shadows. You squeeze your eyes shut, and then everything goes dark. That is the death penalty. What exactly is the death penalty? In the dictionary, it is defined as, â€Å"the sentence of death upon a person by the state as a punishment for an offense.† What the death penalty itself serves is retribution and revenge. Many believe that this is the right way to punish criminals in society, although there are many faults with capital punishment as well. Those faults consist of errors in the system, state costs, and the risks of executions of innocent people. Life in prison without parole is better than the death penalty where the death penalty is the foundation in injustice and it is immoral. People supporting the death penalty often argue that capital punishment is required not only for retributive reasons but rather to prevent the taking of innocent lives. Cass R. Sunstein, Professor of Law at Harvard University Law School, and Adrian Vermeule, another professor at Harvard Law School said â€Å"A leading national study suggests that each execution prevents some eighteen murders on average.† What my question is, how does taking away a criminals life prevent a life of an innocent being taken away? Killing a culprit does not prevent murders from happening, because there are still killers outside of jail. Death row does not prevent homicide happening in the outside world. The death penalty is no more effective in deterring others than life sentences. Life without parole also prevents reoffending. It means what it says, spending the rest of your life locked up, knowing you’ll never be free. Leading up to my next point, life without parole costs less than the de ath penalty. The death penalty is much more expensive than life without parole. It requires a long process for capital cases, which is needed in order to make sure that innocent individuals are not executed for crimes they did not commit. If the death penalty was replaced with a sentence of life without parole, which costs millions of dollars less, a lot of money could be saved  for useful necessities. The millions of dollars could be spent on education, roads, programs, and more. Capital punishment is time consuming and expensive than the typical crime cases. Speaking of the innocent, my next point, an innocent person serving life can be released from death row. The system can make tragic mistakes. According to the editorial â€Å"There is No ‘Humane’ Execution†, since 1973, 139 people have been released from death row because they were proven innocent said by the Death Penalty Information Center. We’ll never know for sure how many people have been executed for crimes they didn’t commit. DNA is rarely available in homicides, often irrelevant and can’t guarantee we won’t execute innocent people. A number of innocent people have had to been put to death, which contradicts with the true meaning of justice. Leading to my final point, that capital punishment is immoral and is foundation of injustice. It is barbaric that people siding with capital punishment consider it moral. If anything, death penalty contradicts the true meaning of justice. In the article â€Å"Is Life in Prison without Parole a Better Option than Death Penalty?† John P. Conrad, former Chief of Center for Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation at the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice said â€Å"I hold that the execution of the most contemptible murderer conflicts with the true functions of retributive justice- the repudiation of evil done and the prospective reconciliation of the criminal with the community he has wronged.† Capital punishment is immoral and unfair and discriminatory in practice. No one deserves to die. In civilized society, we reject the principle of literally doing to criminals what they do to their victims. For instance, if the culprit’s crime was rape, his punishment cannot literally be rape. We shouldn’t punish the murderer with death. Capit al punishment shows what an uncivilized and immoral society we are. The sentence of capital punishment is a barbaric action for punishment a criminal. Murder is unacceptable by society, yet people seem to approve killing criminals. Sentencing a criminal to death does not solve the questions and problems left behind, it just creates controversy. Capital punishment is wrongly practiced and immoral and the wrong way to punish  criminals. Life in prison without parole is a much better option, whereas capital punishment is just a way to seek revenge on the individual who would rather have the darkness of a solitary than not to see the dark at all.

Steinbeck Model of “Paradox and Dream: Personal Essay

Victims of Love One of the generalities most often noted about Victims of Love is that we are impatient, incomplete, and unsatisfied once we discover what love is and that is possible for anyone to have. We complain when we want it, yet take it for granted when it’s ours. We say we cannot stand to live with our lovers, yet we proclaim it is unbearable to live without them. We claim to be strong and fearless, but in the face of love we fall weak to our knees with open arms reaching for all it has to offer. Love is endless, limitless, and powerful beyond measure.It has the ability to give you the best feeling no one other thing can, yet it has the power to hurt you beyond compare to anything else. We claim love is blinding to those lucky enough to have it, but are we really blind? Can we really not see beyond love’s overwhelming nature, or do we choose to not see the bad because its potential to be such a wonderful thing outweighs its negative qualities and its faults? On ce we fall victim to love and all it’s worth, an untamed fire is lit beneath the deepest layer of our hearts, burning brightly until greeted by the only conquerer of love- death.As we as victims of love believe, when the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace. We, as greedy, impatient people chase after love when we want it, yet we fail to realize we don’t find love, love finds us. We can choose who we hate, but we cannot control who we love. We love those who hurt us, but hurt those who love us. Victims of Love want to grasp onto love once they find it and never let it go, yet we learn that if you love someone, you have to set them free. We long to always be with those we love yet we are blind to see that distance makes the heart grow fonder.Because of this, we are left asking ‘what? ’. What is so addicting about love? Do we love imperfection, love to feel wanted, love the vision of love that ends with a happily ever after? I t is often portrayed that you cannot love what you do not know, yet, according to Paul Valery, it would be impossible to love anything or anyone completely because love is directed towards what lies hidden in its presence. We, as living paradoxes, fear the unknown, yet we have a passion and curiosity to know what lies beyond our existing knowledge.We search for our perfect vision of love, and we are disappointed with our results. We fail to see that true love doesn’t come by finding a perfect person, but by finding an imperfect person and learning to love them perfectly. We question to why sometimes love fails, but we make no effort to see it was our fault because we have failed to love. We are slaves to pleasure and pain once we have it, and use love as a motivation to find it. We try to make sense of love and the feelings that overcome us and thus become incapable of feeling it.We foolishly live a life for love instead of a having a life with love. When we have love, we fee l we do not need anything else and when we do not have it, we feel nothing else we have really matters. To have love is to have faith; those with little faith have little love and those with a lot of faith have a lot of love. We search for love with our thoughts and eyes and forget that love lies beyond what we see and think; it exists where we feel, it exists in our hearts. Love is a strange thing; it requires no inquisition, just acceptance.Love is an inevitable force of nature. We can choose to avoid it or choose to surrender to it, either way, it strikes back like lightening, unpredictable and irrefutable. Love does not come in favor of our own stipulations and conditions, hut it comes independently of our desires and wishes as does the moon, stars, and darkness of night with no regards to the day. Just as we may obtain the ability to control the time of night and day, we risk damaging a balance of laws without fully knowing the consequences of our intentions.In the same way, we practice elements of love, such as marriage or intercourse, yet we are left dismayed and puzzled, angered and suffering, questioning as to if our reason behind our insensible actions was truly love after all. We dream of a love inexplicable beyond words-one that proves without it, we are merely individuals limited to our ability of what we can do, but with it the boundaries are limitless with possibility at its fingertips. Our dream lies beyond not only understanding what love is, but also learning the ecret to keep its burning flame lit with passion and all the qualities that make for a perfect, successful expression of all that love is. We say we wish for a love without any pain, but how can we measure the power and endurance of that love if it only endures the easy road of life? What we truly, honestly long for is a love that shows its strength, surpassing even the most difficult obstacles and the harshest pain and coming out victorious, proving to us that in the end, love does conquer all.

Johnson Johnson SWOT Analysis

Johnson Johnson SWOT Analysis Introduction Johnson Johnson is an American company manufacturing pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and consumer packaged goods worldwide. It was founded in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1886; its headquarters are still there though it has subsidiary companies all over the globe. The company name is synonymous with its baby care products though it has wide range of products not only pharmaceutical but also in the allied segments of diagnostic devices and surgery.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Johnson Johnson SWOT Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their well-known OTC products are Tylenol, Motrin, Johnson’s baby oil, visine, Bengay, Neutrogenga skin care products and Band-Aid bandages (MBA Lectures, 2010). After starting in 1896, the company expanded first to Canada in 1919 and later to Britain in 1924. Its public launch was in 1944 listing with the New York Stock Exchange. Its strategic acquisition started with Neutrogena in 1994 and Depuy in 1998. During the period from 1989 to 1999, the company had 45 acquisitions to its credit. Johnson Johnson began to help doctors and nurses to use sterile sutures, dressings and bandages in the treatment of wounds. This fuelled further innovative ideas to be introduced from time to time ever since. (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d). Keeping its responsibility towards environment, the company formulated in its vision statement that it should use the resources that are environmental friendly. Its major products of traditional production are Band-Aids, Listerine and Baby Lotion. As part of its healthy planet program, it sets up new long term goals every five years Their long term goals include direct purchase of low cost hydro and wind power, and acquiring on-site solar power and land fill gas. It is also maintaining the largest fleet of hybrid vehicles throughout the world (Boone and Kurtz, 2011). The Company is still remembered for its response to people who died of cyanide poisoning of its Tylenol capsules as sabotage. The quick withdrawal of Tylenol from the market alone cost the company half a billion dollars as moving cost. Ethical practices of the company are proving to be its competitive advantage (Williams, 2011). Strengths:Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Workforce of 118,000 employees. Presence in 60 countries. More than 250 operating companies. The 8th largest pharmaceutical business and the 6th largest biotech business in the world. Recognized by the United Nations as the Humanitarian of the year for 2011 for the work of philanthropy touching lives of billions of people’s basic health care. Reported strong progress in the first of five year pledge to help save and improve lives of 120 million women and children in developing countries as part of the United Nation s Millennium Development Goals. Increasing sales of $ 61.1 bn in 2007, $ 63.7 bn in 2008, $ 61.9 bn in 2009, $ 61.6 bn in 2010 and $ 65 bn in 2011. Increased dividends paid per share $ 1.620 (2007), $ 1.795 (2008), $ 1.930 (2009), $ 2.110 (2010) and $ 2.250 (2011). Development of new treatment for prostate cancer. 125 years of experience. A number of new innovative products to meet the unmet health care needs across the world. Strong product portfolios in immunology, oncology, surgical devices and emerging markets. Scientific innovation. Well positioned to grow and increase market leadership. Delivering sustainable growth for shareholders. Business restructured to manage cost structure, simplify business operations. Nine major approvals for new pharmaceutical products in the U.S. obtained as a result of continued research and development for the last five years incurring over $ 37 billion. The new products include STELERA and SIMPONI in immunology, PREZISTA, INTELENCE in HIV, ZYTIGA in oncology, XARELTO in cardiovascular disease segments. R D efforts in the segment of Medical Devices and Diagnostics (MD D) and consumer platforms, such as contact lenses, electrophysiology, advanced energy, biosurgicals, oral care, and skin care. These amount to $ 7.5 billion. New technologies for replenishment of certain segments. E.g., Fibrin Pad, canaglifozin and bapineuzumab are produced for treatment of hemostasis, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. Sizeable amount of capital reserves returned by of refund of shares and payment of retained dividends that further strengthened financial parameters. Pfizer Consumer Healthcare and Beijing Dabao Cosmetics Company Ltd in the Consumer business segment acquisitioned as part of company’s long term strategy. These were company’s strategic alliances to improve its market and competitive advantage. Crucell N.V. and Elan Corporation Plc were introduced in pharmaceutical business segment, pending acqui sition of Synthes, Inc were applied in MDD business. Ingenuity, resiliency, tenacity, integrity and compassion shown by the people of Johnson Johnson during the period of industry and global changes. Growth in adjusted earnings for the 28th consecutive year. It amounted to $ 13.9 billion, and adjusted earnings per share were $ 5. Worldwide sales of $ 65.0 billion reflecting an increase of 5.6 % from previous year. Development of â€Å"telaprevir† in partnership with Vertex Pharmaceuticals, which was approved in 2011 and set to meet the needs of treatment of hepatitis C affecting 170 million people all over the world. It is already in the market under the brand name IN CIVO in Europe. Making alliance with Bayer Healthcare. Due to that, drug by name XARELTO was introduced by the company in 2011. It is for the cure of complications arising out knee or hip replacement procedures. This medecine can also be administered to avoid stroke and systemic embolism in people suffering fro m nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Broad based business and expertise. These allowed to create devices like blood glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and develop new drugs like canagliflozin. Nutritional products, such as SPLENDA sweeteners, brought out through Consumer Wellness and Prevention business. 70 % of sales. This rate is attributed to two products having No. 1 and No.2 global market share positions. 25 % of sales from the new products launched in the last five years. Maintained AAA credit rating. Paid increased dividend to shareholders for the 49th consecutive year. Generated a free cash flow of about $ 11.4 billion. Exceeded Standard Poor‘s 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average in respect of one year shareholder return at nearly 10 percent. The above comparison has been maintained over a long period. The company remains an investment choice for several decades (Johnson Johnson 2011). Johnson and Johnson was the first to introduce a sterilizing technique for catgut su tures. It was the company’s first major product. In the U.S., the company is able to keep their price increase in tune with Consumer Price Index (CPI). It is able to prevail upon the governments for differential pricing of its products so as to make its goods reach different segments of population. Thus, the company has agreement with the U.K. in respect of its product VELCADE meant for the treatment of multiple myelama. Another agreement was made with France for RISPERDAL and CONSTA for treatment of schizophrenia. Various companies and governments have also entered into agreements with the company for various risk sharing arrangements (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d). The company is able to offer discount for their baby care products and contact lens. Its promotional campaign â€Å"Beauty for all Ages† has been quite popular at Wallgreens. The company is involved in helping manage many cases, such as healthy life styles. There were a lot of programs to promote a healthy l iving, such as the campaign for Nursing’s future, Having a Baby Changes Things and Because We Care We Act. Its decentralized management approach gives its employees an entrepreneurial feel of the belief that they succeed to meet the customer needs and provide them with solutions (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Johnson Johnson SWOT Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weaknesses: Uncertain macroeconomic conditions; Patent expiration in two years for two of the company’s major drugs, Risperdal and Topmax which gained $ 6 billion in sales; Severe economic conditions that restrict consumer spending; Quality issues related to over-the-counter products at McNeil Consumer Healthcare; Recall of the DePuy ASR Hip system. As on January 1, 2012, the company is facing numerous product liability cases. Damages claimed are substantial although company’s warning s and instructions were adequate enough to counter such claims. Yet it is difficult to predict the litigation outcomes. Approximately, there are 3,800 claimants for injuries due to LEVAQUIN, 4,700 in respect of ASRâ„ ¢ XL Acetabular System and DePuy ASRâ„ ¢ Hip Resurfacing System, 860 for PINNACLE, 420 for RISPERDAL, 480 for pelvic meshes, 95 for CYPHER stent and 60 for DURAGESIC. Johnson Johnson’s subsidiaries are facing intellectual property lawsuits in respect of Medical Devices and Diagnostics. In 2004, Tyco Healthcare Group LP (Tyco) and the U.S. Surgical Corporation sued Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc for infringement of four of TYCO patents by the company’s product EES’s HRAMONIC Scalpel in the U.S. District Court of Connecticut. Although the case was dismissed on the ground that TYCO did not own the patents, and the dismissal without prejudice also was affirmed in appeal, TYCO has filed complaint of similar infringements in the same court for monetary damages and injunctive relief in 2010. The case is expected to be heard in May 2012. Cordis Corporation filed lawsuits in New Jersey and Delaware courts against Guidant Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, Boston Scientific Corporation, Meditronic Ave in 2006 complaining that company’s Xience V (Abbott), Promus (Boston Scientific) and Endeavor (Meditronic) infringed several of their Cordis’s Wright/Falotico patents. Courts found the claims invalid, and they were also affirmed in appeals in one of the cases for lack of written description and written enablement. In 2007, Bruce Saffran sued for patent infringement against Johnson Johnson and Cordis in Texas court for infringement of the US Patent No. 5,653, 760. Court found in 2011 that Cordis infringed a patent issued to Saffran who was awarded with $ 482 million. Cordis was also ordered to pay $ 111 in addition in 2011 as pre-judgment interest. Cordis appealed, and the company has not made any accrual in this regard sinc e it believes that there is no unfavorable outcome.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 2007, Rosche diagnostics filed lawsuit for patent infringement against Life Scan Inc. in Delaware Court for the reason that LifeScan’s blood glucose monitoring system infringed two of its patents related to the sue of microelectrode sensors. Lifescan obtained a favorable judgment. On appeal by Roche, appeal court has remanded the case for hearing on new findings. In 2008, Cordis filed lawsuit against Guidant, Abbott, Boston Scientific andMedtronic alleging that the Xience Vâ„ ¢ (Abbott), Promusâ„ ¢ (Boston Scientific) and Endeavor ® (Medtronic) infringed their Wyeth (now Pfizer) Morris patents. In January 2012, court summed up in the favour the defendants for lack of enablement and failure to describe the full scope of the invention sufficiently. Cordis is likely to appeal. Similar lawsuits were brought by Rembrandt Vision Technologies L.P. in 2009. Howmedica Osteonics Corp and Styker Ireland Ltd filed lawsuits for patent infringements in Texas and New Jersey Court s respectively in 2011. Trials are pending. Company’s subsidiaries have instituted lawsuits in respect of pharmaceutical patent infringements starting from 2007 till date. Similarly lawsuits are also pending against the company’s subsidiaries (Johnson Johnson 2011). Opportunities: Ageing of the world population contributes to more spending on health care costs. International presence and outward growth help the company avail of the opportunities for additional business emerging from global health care reforms. Cancers, mental health disorders, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, and HIV present opportunities in the unmet medical needs. These give chances to control the market where the company has presence and can make investments to gain leadership. Health care reforms evolving around the world requiring more cost effective health care solutions by the government payers and regulators present opportunities to make investments in personalized medic ine, companion diagnostics in the fields of oncology and anti-psychotics. There are also new opportunities through acquisitions for new technologies, such as the product REVIVE SE device which saved the life of Mrs. Wecker through full recovery from her stroke. Similarly, company’s oncologist Bill Hait was saved from the use of newly introduced blood clot retrieval and removal device. Fibrin pad was developed through collaboration with Israel based Omrix Pharmaceuticals Ltd in the treatment of surgical bleeding. Sustained regulatory environment with a view of saving lives, mitigating patients’ sufferings, and addressing unmet medical needs allows to make innovations. Company supports strong regulatory presence since it ensures patient safety, and fast approvals of lifesaving medicines (Johnson Johnson 2011). Threats: Slowdown in economic growth, fluctuations in financial markets, increased unemployment and pressure on heath care costs have a negative impact on healt h care spending (Johnson Johnson 2011). There is regulatory high-handedness. Its global competitors are able to offer substitute products at lesser prices. Established pharmaceutical products with brand selling face major threats from generic manufacturers from local markets. Bio-technology may wipe out pharmaceutical technology in future. There exist regulatory pressures of different kinds in different countries (MBA Lectures 2010). Strengths: Even before the advent of the 20th century, Johnson Johnson became an enterprise with international presence. It is credited with customer satisfaction and robust R D facilities. Large scale operations have helped the company minimize expenditure and become more competitive. Brand image, brand loyalty, and long standing customers are the plus points for the company. It commands world wide presence with as many as 250 subsidiary companies operating in about 57 companies. The company’s products are represented in 175 countries as in 2008, and its annual sales revenue for the year ended in 2011 is $ 65,030 millions. The company has been able to differentiate from its competitors. With vast diversification in pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and consumer packaged goods, the company enjoys the competitive advantage over the others. Johnson Johnson has more than 29,925 internet domains associated with Internet and technology organizations having web presence (MBA Lectures, 2010). Strategic acquisitions mean that its stable financial position has enabled Johnson Johnson to make timely acquisitions utilizing its cash reserves. Its triple –A credit rating indicates its ability to seize opportunities by remaining free from financial debt burden. Product diversification has enabled the company to avoid dependence on any particular market segment or product portfolio. Its long range plans of diversification are set to be completed by 2014. Positive revenue growth projections include that the new products launc hed will more than compensate its decline in revenues from prescription pharmaceutical market, and an increase of 1.8 % in 2008-14 is sure to be achieved (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d). Weaknesses: On April 30, 2010, Johnson Johnson’s subsidiary company had to recall 43 kinds of OTC medicines that include Benadr, Tylenol Plus, Tylenol and Zyrtec. In 2010, Johnson Johnson was sued by the U.S. government unethical distribution of drugs to dementia patients through Omnicare. Several of its products are outdated due to patents or copy rights expiry. The company incurs heavily on expenditures related to information gathering having no value added output or input. Due to its copyright expirations, the company is facing lot of pressure to reduce its prices. Company is largely dependant on revenues from Risperdal and CNS (MBA Lectures 2010). Its new products recently launched are subject to uncertainties of market forces and regulatory overview. Reliance on small molecule drugs, wh ich are subject to competition from generics market, puts the company at a disadvantage (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d). Opportunities: The company’s acquisition of Pfizer will add to its growth substantially. Johnson Johnson enjoys competitive edge to enhance its market capture by way of innovative products and sustained product development. The company has been leveraging its international presence with the strategies of joint ventures and acquisitions. Its foray into diagnostics and medical devices markets helps promote the growth of its markets. Growth in the economy round the corner promises increased customer spending which will in turn reflect in company’s enhanced sales revenues. The company has the unique synergistic advantage in maximizing its revenues through acquisitions of diverse range of companies (MBA Lectures 2010) Cross selling opportunities abound due to its strategic acquisitions and strategic positioning. The disease life cycle presents unlimited g rowth opportunities in the segments of Cardiovascular, oncology, diabetes and I I therapy. Market for biological products has a huge potential not only to compensate its loss of market due to patents expiry on molecules. A biological major has already joined hands with the company in 2009 to develop and commercially exploit the items, such as therapeutic proteins Procrit, Natrcor, and monoclonal antibodies, such as Remicade, Reopro, Simponi, and Stelara. These provide the company with the intellectual property rights opportunities so as to strengthen its discovery rights (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d.; Johnson Johnson SWOT Analysis, n.d.). Threats: There is a regulatory high-handedness. Its global competitors are able to offer substitute products at lesser prices. Established pharmaceutical products with brand selling face major threats from generic manufacturers to local markets. Bio-technology may wipe out pharmaceutical technology in the future. There exist regulatory pressures of different kinds in different countries (MBA Lectures 2010). References Boone, L.E. Kurtz, D.L. (2011). Contemporary Business, U.S.A.: John Wiley Sons. Johnson Johnson. (2011). Annual Report. Retrieved from investor.jnj.com/2011annualreport/index.html April 27, 2012 Johnson Johnson SWOT Analysis. (n.d). Retrieved from businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analysis-database/johnson-johnson-swot-analysis/ MBA Lectures (2010) SWOT Analysis of Johnson Johnson. Retrieved from http://mba-lectures.com/marketing/swot-analysis-marketing/1109/swot-analysis-of-johnson-johnson.html Marketing Teacher.com (n.d.). SWOT Analysis of Johnson Johnson, Retrieved from marketingteacher.com/swot/johnson-and-johnson-swot.html Williams, C. (2011). Management . Ohio, USA: Cengage Learning.